Recent Advances of the Effect of H₂O on VOC Oxidation over Catalysts: Influencing Factors, Inhibition/Promotion Mechanisms, and Water Resistance Strategies

Water vapor is a significant component in real volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exhaust gas and has a considerable impact on the catalytic performance of catalysts for VOC oxidation. Important progress has been made in the reaction mechanisms of H₂O and water resistance strategies for VOC oxidation in recent years. Despite advancements in catalytic technology, most catalysts still exhibit low activity under humid conditions, presenting a challenge in reducing the adverse effects of H₂O on VOC oxidation. To develop water-resistant catalysts, understanding the mechanistic role of H₂O and implementing effective water-resistance strategies with influencing factors are imperative. This Perspective systematically summarizes related research on the impact of H₂O on VOC oxidation, drawing from over 390 papers published between 2013 and 2024. Five main influencing factors are proposed to clarify their effects on the role of H₂O. Five inhibition/promotion mechanisms of H₂O are introduced, elucidating their role in the catalytic oxidation of various VOCs. Additionally, different kinds of water resistance strategies are discussed, including the fabrication of hydrophobic materials, the design of specific structures and morphologies, and the introduction of additional elements for catalyst modification. Finally, scientific challenges and opportunities for enhancing the design of efficient and water-resistant catalysts for practical applications in VOC purification are highlighted.