TY - JOUR
T1 - Multi-modal Wearable Patch for Localized Monitoring of Post-operative Skin Flap Transplantation
AU - Luo, Jie
AU - Zhao, Yongjie
AU - Xu, Yongqi
AU - Shen, Yanchen
AU - Jiang, Yiyan
AU - Chai, Wai Siong
AU - Liu, Gongyu
AU - Wei, Peng
AU - Li, Hao Nan
AU - Duan, Keli
AU - Low, Sze Shin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2025/3/12
Y1 - 2025/3/12
N2 - Monitoring the status of skin flap transplantation (SFT) is crucial for early intervention, particularly to mitigate risks, such as necrosis and complications arising from poor vascularization or infection. Current clinical practices for monitoring SFT rely on intermittent gauze removal, risking secondary injury and delayed complication detection. While wearable sensors have been proposed, existing systems lack simultaneous and multi-parameter monitoring, poor wearability, and the ability to localize complications within the flap. In this study, a novel multi-modal wearable patch (MMWP) was developed to monitor the essential recovery indicator reflective of the flap condition. The MMWP employed a distributed design with strain sensors in a tic-tac-toe pattern, temperature/percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) sensors around the grid, and a central humidity sensor, enabling zonal multi-parameter detection (2D spatial resolution: 20 mm × 20 mm). The MMWP exhibited high sensitivity in the strain sensor (15.1 kΩ mL-1), temperature sensor (47.63 Ω °C-1), humidity sensor (0.03 nF %-1), and SpO2 sensor (error <1% vs commercial oximeters). In a 14-day rat SFT model, the MMWP successfully localized uneven recovery between proximal and distal flap regions. Integrated with Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless transmission, this platform resolves the limitations of gauze-dependent monitoring and advances toward precision post-operative care.
AB - Monitoring the status of skin flap transplantation (SFT) is crucial for early intervention, particularly to mitigate risks, such as necrosis and complications arising from poor vascularization or infection. Current clinical practices for monitoring SFT rely on intermittent gauze removal, risking secondary injury and delayed complication detection. While wearable sensors have been proposed, existing systems lack simultaneous and multi-parameter monitoring, poor wearability, and the ability to localize complications within the flap. In this study, a novel multi-modal wearable patch (MMWP) was developed to monitor the essential recovery indicator reflective of the flap condition. The MMWP employed a distributed design with strain sensors in a tic-tac-toe pattern, temperature/percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) sensors around the grid, and a central humidity sensor, enabling zonal multi-parameter detection (2D spatial resolution: 20 mm × 20 mm). The MMWP exhibited high sensitivity in the strain sensor (15.1 kΩ mL-1), temperature sensor (47.63 Ω °C-1), humidity sensor (0.03 nF %-1), and SpO2 sensor (error <1% vs commercial oximeters). In a 14-day rat SFT model, the MMWP successfully localized uneven recovery between proximal and distal flap regions. Integrated with Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless transmission, this platform resolves the limitations of gauze-dependent monitoring and advances toward precision post-operative care.
KW - laser-induced graphene
KW - localized detection
KW - multi-modal sensor system
KW - post-operative monitoring
KW - skin flap transplantation
KW - wireless feedback system
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=86000791180&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsami.4c20682
DO - 10.1021/acsami.4c20682
M3 - Article
C2 - 40014386
AN - SCOPUS:86000791180
SN - 1944-8244
VL - 17
SP - 14968
EP - 14982
JO - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
JF - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
IS - 10
ER -