Coordinated energy-environmental-economic optimisation of building retrofits for optimal energy performance on a macro-scale: A life-cycle cost-based evaluation

Keyphrases

• Energy Performance 100%
• Cost-based 100%
• Environmental Economics 100%
• Life Cycle Cost 100%
• Building Retrofit 100%
• Economic Optimization 100%
• Optimal Energy 100%
• Payback Period 66%
• Retrofit Project 66%
• Energy Economics 33%
• Meso 33%
• Energy Reduction 33%
• Case Study Analysis 33%
• Carbon Dioxide 33%
• Cost Evaluation 33%
• Heating System 33%
• Low-rise 33%
• Policy Making 33%
• Environmental Assessment 33%
• Office Building 33%
• Optimization Approach 33%
• Occupancy 33%
• Cooling System 33%
• Solar Photovoltaic 33%
• Evaluation Approach 33%
• Investment Cost 33%
• Retrofit Measures 33%
• On-site Survey 33%
• Building Characteristics 33%
• Energy Output 33%
• Energy Sustainability 33%
• On-site Data 33%
• Roof Insulation 33%
• Retrofit Solution 33%
• Renewable Energy Systems 33%
• Life Cycle Benefit 33%
• Energy Conservation Management 33%
• Natural Ventilation System 33%
• Scale Evaluation 33%
• Energy Efficiency Policy 33%
• Economic Output 33%
• Building Energy Conservation 33%
• Optimal Retrofit 33%
• Policy Attention 33%
• Guidance Framework 33%
• Cool Roof 33%
• Natural Cooling 33%
• Environmental Outputs 33%
• Building Energy Management 33%

Engineering

• Energy Engineering 100%
• Energy Performance 100%
• Macroscale 100%
• Building Retrofit 100%
• Lifecycle Cost 100%
• Retrofit 40%
• Payback Period 40%
• Retrofit Project 40%
• Simulation Result 20%
• Mesoscale 20%
• Cost Evaluation 20%
• Energy Conservation 20%
• Heating System 20%
• Office Buildings 20%
• Ventilation System 20%
• Environmental Assessment 20%
• Lifecycle 20%
• Energy Efficiency 20%
• Optimization Approach 20%
• Cooling System 20%
• Natural Ventilation 20%
• Investment Cost 20%
• Solar Photovoltaic 20%
• Roof Insulation 20%
• Cool Roof 20%
• Energy Conservation in Building 20%
• Renewable Energy System 20%