Formulation system with enhanced performance via particle agglomeration for dry powder inhalation

Abstract

Dry powder inhalation (DPI) offers a valuable method for delivering medication directly to the lungs for respiratory diseases. Compared to oral administration, DPIs provide a faster onset of action due to targeted delivery and achieve higher drug concentrations within the lungs while minimising systemic exposure. Carrier-based DPIs, the most prevalent formulation type, often exhibit a limited fine-particle fraction (FPF), hindering their effectiveness. Spherical agglomerate formulations present a promising solution. These agglomerates, formed by the cohesiveness of micronised drug particles and a small amount of fine lactose, possess improved flowability compared with micronised powders. Additionally, their pellet-like morphology facilitates disintegration into primary particles during inhalation, owing to their lower mechanical strength.
This thesis delves into strategies to enhance the aerodynamic performance of DPIs through particle agglomeration. Following a foundational overview of DPIs and their working principles, this study explored the critical relationship between device design, formulation characteristics, and characterisation methods to achieve optimal performance. A comprehensive review examined the various strategies employed to improve aerosol performance using particle agglomeration. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying these strategies, this thesis aims to contribute to the development of more effective DPI formulations for targeted pulmonary drug delivery.

Date of Award	17 Mar 2025
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	University of Nottingham
Supervisor	Philip Hall (Supervisor), Zheng Wang (Supervisor) & Jason Li (Supervisor)