Tube wear in gas fluidized beds-II. Low velocity impact erosion and semi-empirical model for bubbling and slugging fluidized beds

Particles were dropped onto target specimens made of the same materials as were used in Part I as tube materials for cold model fluidized bed wear tests. The impact velocities were in the range 1-5 m/s, similar to the impact velocity of wake particles in fluidized beds. Material loss occurred at these velocities and was correlated as a function of particle properties. This led to an empirical equation to correlate the results of Part I where in-bed wear was determined for a wide range of operating conditions and materials. This equation is consistent with a simple theoretical model, with observations of motion of particles against tubes, and with previous results in the literature.