Three-dimensional CAD models: Integrating design and construction

Editorial comment As the complexity of buildings has increased, particularly in the engineering services that they need in order to function effectively, so too has the fragmentation of the design process increased with engineers and other designers of various disciplines each contributing to the overall building design. Space occupied by services installations, i.e., duct risers, access floors, suspended ceilings, plant rooms, computer rooms and the like, is not rentable space and clients are always keen to maximize the amount of usable space in their buildings.