The dynamics and characterization of electroactive biofilms

Microbially derived current is a defining feature of electrochemically active biofilms, with important implications from both an engineering and biogeochemical standpoint. The role of these biofilms in metal cycling in the environment, in addition to their potential for producing green energy, highlights the need for increased discussion regarding their dynamics and characterization. Here, the fundamentals of these microorganisms are discussed in detail, including the mechanisms by which electrons are transported across the cell membrane. Furthermore, experimental considerations associated with characterizing electrochemically active biofilms, such as electrode choice and suitable electrochemical techniques, are reviewed.