TY - JOUR
T1 - "Research is high and the market is far away"
T2 - Commercialization of nanotechnology in China
AU - Cao, Cong
AU - Appelbaum, Richard P.
AU - Parker, Rachel
N1 - Funding Information:
This research has been supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation grants to the Center for Nanotechnology in Society, the University of California , Santa Barbara ( SES−0531184 and SES−0938099 ). The revision of the paper has benefited from constructive and helpful comments made by two reviewers.
Funding Information:
The case of Company I represents a useful example. Because it is headquartered in Maryland and has proximity to the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), the company has received several Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants from NIH's National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases as well as grants and investments from the State of Maryland, Maryland Industrial Partnerships, and Montgomery County Technology Growth Programs , at the same time enjoying the State of Maryland's Tax Credit Program for Biotechnology Investment. In the meantime, its Chinese subsidiary in Suzhou has worked with a Chinese pharmaceutical company for developing its small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutic scarless wound healing as well as seeking regulatory approval and selling the product in the Greater China market. 16 16 This definitely will give the company leverage in attracting venture capital investment down the road.
Funding Information:
Participation in government-sanctioned programs is another way a firm can attract investment. High-tech companies are permitted to apply for grants from national high-tech programs as long as their high-tech status is certified by the appropriate government agency, 13 13 and they partner with a university or research institute. They also can bid for government programs by themselves. In 2010, for example, Company H in bioBay won several grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), the Jiangsu provincial government, and the Suzhou municipal government for its portable nanotechnology detectors for foods and chemicals. The 500-ton titanium dioxide nanopowder facility at Company J benefited from a national major industrialization demonstration program at the then State Planning Commission (the predecessor of the National Development and Reform Commission, NDRC) and other national and provincial science and technology programs. Returned high-tech entrepreneurs also are eligible for high-level national honors such as the Thousand Talent Program run by the Department of Organization of the CCP Central Committee, which carries not only monetary reward but also political privilege; several entrepreneurs we visited have been selected into such a program.
PY - 2013/2
Y1 - 2013/2
N2 - As a country that has chosen nanotechnology as one of its priority investment areas to facilitate leapfrogging in science and technology, China has already seen a return on investment in the exponential rise of scientific papers originating in Chinese nanotechnology labs. There has also been an increasing number of patents filed by Chinese inventors as well as fierce competition among Chinese localities for a prime position in the twenty-first century nanotechnology revolution. Based on fieldwork in China and secondary research, this paper examines the commercialization of nanotechnology in China from the intertwined perspectives of academia-industry relations, government support and policy, role of venture capital, and international connections, while also taking into account the views of Chinese nanoscientists. The results show that despite tangible success in publishing, patenting, and the creation of dedicated nanotechnology science parks, China's effort to commercialize nanotechnology has been much slower than anticipated by nanoscientists and political leadership.
AB - As a country that has chosen nanotechnology as one of its priority investment areas to facilitate leapfrogging in science and technology, China has already seen a return on investment in the exponential rise of scientific papers originating in Chinese nanotechnology labs. There has also been an increasing number of patents filed by Chinese inventors as well as fierce competition among Chinese localities for a prime position in the twenty-first century nanotechnology revolution. Based on fieldwork in China and secondary research, this paper examines the commercialization of nanotechnology in China from the intertwined perspectives of academia-industry relations, government support and policy, role of venture capital, and international connections, while also taking into account the views of Chinese nanoscientists. The results show that despite tangible success in publishing, patenting, and the creation of dedicated nanotechnology science parks, China's effort to commercialize nanotechnology has been much slower than anticipated by nanoscientists and political leadership.
KW - China
KW - Commercialization
KW - Nanotechnology
KW - Policy
KW - Research
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84876741097&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.03.004
DO - 10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.03.004
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84876741097
SN - 0160-791X
VL - 35
SP - 55
EP - 64
JO - Technology in Society
JF - Technology in Society
IS - 1
ER -
