Prospective approach of Swietenia macrophylla as a neuroprotective agent for Alzheimer's Disease: Emphasis on ameliorative mechanism

Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems and economics worldwide in the 21st century. It is characterised by progressive memory dysfunction and is a leading cause of dementia. Literature suggests that the involvement of neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the progression of neuropathological changes in AD. Currently, available drugs for AD management primarily focus on symptomatic treatment. There is a need for safe adjunctive agents with a specific target and explicit mechanism of action. Swietenia macrophylla (SM) has been traditionally used as a food source and for pain relief in folk medicine. Recent studies have highlighted the neuroprotective properties of SM, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anti-mitochondrial dysfunction effects. In light of these considerations, this review aims to explore the potential neuroprotective role of SM by examining the existing literature to elucidate its potential mechanisms of action in addressing the complex challenges presented by AD.