Abstract
Non-lignin-rich biomass has abundant reserves but remains underutilised as a sustainable carbon source for producing functional carbon materials in energy storage applications. The primary challenge is to develop an efficient and sustainable process to convert these resources into high-performance carbon as electrode active material for supercapacitors. To address this issue, a facile, low-cost molten base carbonisation and activation (MBCA) process is investigated to convert wet Radish (a non-lignin–rich biomass) into hierarchical porous carbon via a single thermal stage. This approach integrates carbonisation, in-situ activation, and heteroatom retention, yielding carbon with a specific surface area of 1172 m2 g−1, ultramicropores (0–0.7 nm), partial graphitic structure and nitrogen/oxygen-rich functional groups. The optimised carbon, obtained at 700 ˚C, as a supercapacitor electrode active material exhibited electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 257F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and 96F g−1 at 2 A g−1, alongside remarkable cycle stability (92.6 % capacitance retention over 20,000 cycles) and low self voltage decay over 50 h. These results highlight the MBCA process as a viable solution for converting non-lignin-rich biomass into high-performance carbon materials, offering a practical and sustainable alternative for energy storage applications while mitigating environmental pollution from biomass decomposition.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 161386 |
Journal | Chemical Engineering Journal |
Volume | 509 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Apr 2025 |
Keywords
- In-situ Activation
- Non-Lignin-Rich Biomass
- Surface-Rich Functional Groups
- Ultramicropores
- Wet Biomass
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Chemistry
- Environmental Chemistry
- General Chemical Engineering
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering