Fe-doped CdS with sulfonated g-C₃N₄ in a heterojunction designed for improved biomedical and photocatalytic potentials

In the present study, nano-catalysts such as (purified CdS, S-g-C₃N₄, 9 %Fe@CdS NPs, and 9 %Fe@CdS with 50 % S-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites) are created by the co-precipitation method. Thiourea was thermally decomposed to make Graphitic carbon nitride doped with sulphur. A distinct heterostructure emerged between Fe/CdS and Sulfur doped g-C₃N₄ would result in a greater number of heterojunctions and more active areas to increase photocatalytic breakdown. The characterization techniques that were used include scanning electron microscope, EDX, XRD, Fourier transform Infrared, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The outcomes showed that iron infusion changed CdS's structural makeup. Using MB as a reference dye, the absorbance for photocatalytic oxidation behavior was measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Among the doped NPs, 9 percent Fe-doped CdS with 50 % S-doped g-C₃N₄ removes 94 % Methylene Blue (MB) dye. According to the results, the MB dye color entirely vanished after three hours. Additionally, doped CdS and composite were studied for their antibacterial characteristics. The bactericidal activity of 9 percent Fe-doped CdS with 50 percent SCN was exceptional. The standard (BHA) at the same concentration shows an inhibition value, IC₅₀ value = 44.2 ± 0.24 μM while for 9 % Fe-doped CdS nanocomposite with SCN, the DPPH scavenging activity was inhibited potently (IC50 value = 59.8.5 0.78 μM). SCN incorporation resulted in increased surface area of the composite and decreased e-/h + pair recombination.