TY - JOUR
T1 - Electroanalysis of Candida albicans biofilms
T2 - a suitable real-time tool for antifungal testing
AU - Olaifa, Kayode
AU - Nikodinovic-Runic, Jasmina
AU - Glišić, Biljana
AU - Boschetto, Francesco
AU - Marin, Elia
AU - Segreto, Francesco
AU - Marsili, Enrico
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Kazakhstan under the Faculty Development Competitive Research Grant Program (Grant number: 110119FD4537). This research was also supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Agreement Numbers: 451-03-68/2021-14/200122, and 451-03-68/2021-14/200042, 2021).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/9/1
Y1 - 2021/9/1
N2 - Candida albicans is a fungal pathogen that accounts for more than a million death annually. Analysis of Candida biofilms and rapid assessment of antifungal therapy is a critical challenge in clinical practice. Current biochemical methods are time-consuming and expensive or require expert interpretation of the results. Hence, there is the need for a rapid anti-fungal and anti-biofilm test. While electroanalysis has been previously adopted to determine antibiotic susceptibility in bacterial biofilms, there are no studies on yeast and fungi. In this work, electroanalysis of C. albicans biofilm and evaluation of anti-biofilm activity of several antifungal compounds using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs) are reported. Results are compared with standard biochemical and microscopic methods. The current output decreases by 47.5%, 73.4%, and 88.5% in biofilms treated with the antifungals fluconazole (Flz), amphotericin B (AmB), and complex Ag3, respectively, indicating the suitability of electrochemical testing for evaluation of antifungal drugs. Chronoamperometry allows measuring antifungal activity on Candida biofilm as early as 10 h after inoculation, which show promises for the development of bioelectrochemical sensors in clinical settings.
AB - Candida albicans is a fungal pathogen that accounts for more than a million death annually. Analysis of Candida biofilms and rapid assessment of antifungal therapy is a critical challenge in clinical practice. Current biochemical methods are time-consuming and expensive or require expert interpretation of the results. Hence, there is the need for a rapid anti-fungal and anti-biofilm test. While electroanalysis has been previously adopted to determine antibiotic susceptibility in bacterial biofilms, there are no studies on yeast and fungi. In this work, electroanalysis of C. albicans biofilm and evaluation of anti-biofilm activity of several antifungal compounds using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs) are reported. Results are compared with standard biochemical and microscopic methods. The current output decreases by 47.5%, 73.4%, and 88.5% in biofilms treated with the antifungals fluconazole (Flz), amphotericin B (AmB), and complex Ag3, respectively, indicating the suitability of electrochemical testing for evaluation of antifungal drugs. Chronoamperometry allows measuring antifungal activity on Candida biofilm as early as 10 h after inoculation, which show promises for the development of bioelectrochemical sensors in clinical settings.
KW - Amphotericin B
KW - Biofilm
KW - Candida albicans
KW - Complex Ag3
KW - Electroanalysis
KW - Fluconazole
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109099094&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138757
DO - 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138757
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109099094
SN - 0013-4686
VL - 389
JO - Electrochimica Acta
JF - Electrochimica Acta
M1 - 138757
ER -