Biosensors and Bioelectronics on Smartphone

Biosensors and bioelectronics have been developing rapidly, playing an increasingly important role in the fields of medicine, food, environment, and public safety. It is of utmost importance to develop fast, real-time, accurate, and portable biosensors and detection systems. Smartphone, owing to the advantages of high processing speed, high-definition image analysis, and excellent human-computer interaction interface, has been widely integrated with sensors, such as sensor chips and handheld detectors for biochemical detections. In general, the smartphone-based detection system used the built-in function modules as controller, analyzer, and displayer, which significantly simplified the design and reduced the cost of the system. This chapter presents smartphone-based biosensing with bioelectronics in electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and near-field communication. Detector attachments, sensor strategies, and communication modes were introduced in detail to provide clear designs of smartphone-based systems. In electrochemistry systems, amperometry sensing, potentiometry sensing, and impedimetry sensing were introduced with specific technical circuit implementation and biochemical applications. In spectroscopy systems, we reviewed the optical sensing on smartphone, firstly. Then electrochemical-localized surface plasmon resonance and electrochemiluminescence sensing were comprehensively discussed on smartphone. Finally, near-field communication technique on smartphone was applied for wearable and implanted biosensing on flexible devices. Along with their applications in point-of-care testing, it can be concluded that biosensors and bioelectronics based on smartphone would be the promising developing directions in biochemical sensing.