TY - JOUR
T1 - BeiDou intra-system bias using different precise orbit and clock products
AU - Suya, Robert Galatiya
AU - Chen, Yung Tsang
AU - Kwong”, ”Chiew Foong
AU - Zhang, Penghe
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is supported by Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau under Commonweal Research Program with project code 2019C50017 and a research grant with project code A0060 from Ningbo Nottingham New Material Institute . We acknowledge the International GNSS Service; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales/Collecte Localisation Satellites; Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum; Information and Analysis Center; Shanghai Observatory, and Wuhan University for the GNSS datasets. We also acknowledge the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG, Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie), and the Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology for providing the open-source RTKLib and BNC software, respectively. The plots were prepared in Generic Mapping Tools 6.2.0 software (GMT, [57] ). We, therefore, acknowledge the GMT developers for the robust plotting tool.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/3/15
Y1 - 2022/3/15
N2 - An intra-system bias (ISB) is a necessary parameter in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)-2 and BDS-3 integrated precise point positioning (PPP); however, its influence in BDS-2/BDS-3 combined processing remains unclear. This paper investigates the ISB effects on the combined PPP using different precise orbit and clock products. Considering an increasing number of BDS products, a comprehensive evaluation of the products is undertaken before validating with PPP tests. Results indicate that BDS-2 Wuhan University (WUM) orbital differences outweigh Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNT), Shanghai Observatory (SHA), and Information and Analysis Center (IAC) orbits. Moreover, BDS-3 constellation registers better clock performance than BDS-2 using any MGEX product. Furthermore, introducing the ISB into the combined processing of BDS-2 and BDS-3 improves both the positioning performance and convergence time for all products. The best improvement in positioning performance is achieved when Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GBM) product is employed. Finally, it is found that considering the ISB in the PPP model affects the code more than the phase observations.
AB - An intra-system bias (ISB) is a necessary parameter in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)-2 and BDS-3 integrated precise point positioning (PPP); however, its influence in BDS-2/BDS-3 combined processing remains unclear. This paper investigates the ISB effects on the combined PPP using different precise orbit and clock products. Considering an increasing number of BDS products, a comprehensive evaluation of the products is undertaken before validating with PPP tests. Results indicate that BDS-2 Wuhan University (WUM) orbital differences outweigh Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNT), Shanghai Observatory (SHA), and Information and Analysis Center (IAC) orbits. Moreover, BDS-3 constellation registers better clock performance than BDS-2 using any MGEX product. Furthermore, introducing the ISB into the combined processing of BDS-2 and BDS-3 improves both the positioning performance and convergence time for all products. The best improvement in positioning performance is achieved when Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GBM) product is employed. Finally, it is found that considering the ISB in the PPP model affects the code more than the phase observations.
KW - BeiDou
KW - Intra-system bias
KW - Positioning performance
KW - Precise orbit and clock products
KW - Precise point positioning
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124626011&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.110804
DO - 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.110804
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85124626011
SN - 0263-2241
VL - 191
JO - Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation
JF - Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation
M1 - 110804
ER -