Vertebrate records | Mid-pleistocene of Africa

A review of the Middle Pleistocene vertebrate faunas of Africa is presented. After a summary of the climate and conditions prevalent during the Middle Pleistocene, a regional approach is taken to the evidence, focusing in turn on northern Africa, eastern Africa, and southern Africa. Western Africa is not discussed due to the lack of faunal remains from the region. The changes in geographic range of some species and the composition of the evolving African fauna are emphasized, and modern African terrestrial faunas are shown to be archaic in comparison with those of Eurasia and the Americas.