@article{d217ac495b66455e83675d1a6a01bbaa,
title = "Multi-stakeholder partnerships for transfer of environmentally soundtechnologies",
abstract = "Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships can overcome many of the problems which exist with the transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) from developed to developing countries, but as yet they have not been explored in detail in the negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Technology transfer is an important part of the UNFCCC, but the mechanism for achieving this is problematic. Developed countries prefer a market approach whereas developing countries tend to negotiate for direct grants. Multi-stakeholder partnerships offer a pathway through which technology is transferred and developing country capacity enhanced, while the interests of developed country private enterprise innovators are also protected. We present opinions and a case-study on multi-stakeholder partnerships and discuss some of the advantages that multi-stakeholder partners canoffer.",
keywords = "Multi-stakeholder partnerships, Technology transfer, UNFCCC",
author = "Karlijn Morsink and Hofman, {Peter S.} and Lovett, {Jon C.}",
note = "Funding Information: Within the field of energy EST transfer, the electrical appliance company, Philips, plays a leading role in a successful example of transfer. Their approach included the negotiation of international agreements about collaboration in global markets with governments and private sector involvement from developing countries. In 2003, the then marketing manager of Philips, Harry Verhaar, embarked on a new strategy based on the premise that the environment would be a pressing global issue in the near future. The implementation of this strategy and the utilization of multi-stakeholder partnerships as a vehicle led to the diffusion of several ESTs globally including energy-efficient lighting, solar lighting and manpower lighting. Harry Verhaar considers the MSPs they established are core features of this successful technology transfer. In 2008 Philips announced the opening of the first light bulb manufacturing facility in Lesotho, which is also the first ever factory producing light bulbs in Africa. This factory, based on Philips{\textquoteright} investments, manufactures energy efficient light bulbs through a joint venture with the State-owned Central Energy Fund (CEF) and Karebo Systems, a private company which manages the demand side of the lighting sector. CEF is involved in the search for appropriate energy solutions to meet the energy needs of South Africa and the sub-Saharan region, including oil, gas, electrical power, solar energy, low-smoke fuels, biomass, wind and renewable energy sources. It also manages the operation and development of the oil and gas assets of the South African government. Karebo Systems is a private company that has been promoting energy efficient lighting since 1999 when the company was actively involved in the management of Bonesa Electricity. Bonesa was formed to establish the Efficient Lighting Program funded by Eskom and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and was active until 2003. Its primary aim was to increase awareness around efficient lighting as well as to formulate and implement strategies for the market penetration of efficient lighting technologies such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). To date, Karebo Systems has been managing part of the residential demand side management programs from Eskom, including the roll-out of more than 16 million CFLs to low-income communities throughout South Africa. 4 4 ",
year = "2011",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.enpol.2010.09.043",
language = "English",
volume = "39",
pages = "1--5",
journal = "Energy Policy",
issn = "0301-4215",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "1",
}
