Airgap Length Analysis of a 350 kw PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction

Tianjie Zou; David Gerada; Salvatore La Rocca; Antonino La Rocca; Adam Walker; Gaurang Vakil; S. L. Arevalo; Zeyuan Xu; Mengmeng Cui; Anuvav Bardalai; Meiqi Wang; R. M.Ram Kumar; Alessandro Marfoli; Krzysztof Paciura; Richard Barden; Emil Ernest; Shaohong Zhu; Naila Qayyum; Alastair Mcqueen; Fengyu Zhang; Chris Gerada

doi:10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350 kw PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction

Tianjie Zou, David Gerada, Salvatore La Rocca, Antonino La Rocca, Adam Walker, Gaurang Vakil, S. L. Arevalo, Zeyuan Xu, Mengmeng Cui, Anuvav Bardalai, Meiqi Wang, R. M.Ram Kumar, Alessandro Marfoli, Krzysztof Paciura, Richard Barden, Emil Ernest, Shaohong Zhu, Naila Qayyum, Alastair Mcqueen, Fengyu ZhangChris Gerada

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Research output: Journal Publication › Article › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this article, the potential of PM-assisted Syn-Rel machine to be next generation heavy duty traction motor solution has been investigated, with special attention put on one key geometric parameter, i.e., airgap length. Careful machine design and optimization has been conducted based on geometric parametrization including airgap length variation, for 15000 rpm peak speed and 350 kW peak power output. In low speed operations, the influence of airgap length on different torque components has been analyzed in detail based on the frozen permeability method. In field weakening region, the variation trend of several key parameters such as output power, torque ripple, and power losses have been investigated along with airgap length. It is found that with high electric and magnetic loading, reducing the electromagnetic airgap length is not always beneficial. There exists a suitable airgap length value to comprehensively balance torque/power density, cooling capability, efficiency and reliability. Numerical FEA and experimental tests of the prototype are combined to verify the conclusions.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1557-1570
Number of pages	14
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Volume	59
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2023

Keywords

Airgap length
PM machine
high power density
high speed machine
rare earth magnets
synchronous reluctance machine

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Control and Systems Engineering
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

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10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

Cite this

Zou, T., Gerada, D., Rocca, S. L., Rocca, A. L., Walker, A., Vakil, G., Arevalo, S. L., Xu, Z., Cui, M., Bardalai, A., Wang, M., Kumar, R. M. R., Marfoli, A., Paciura, K., Barden, R., Ernest, E., Zhu, S., Qayyum, N., Mcqueen, A., ... Gerada, C. (2023). Airgap Length Analysis of a 350 kw PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(2), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

@article{813073ed2b88482daaae2328fd8fa9e6,

title = "Airgap Length Analysis of a 350 kw PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction",

abstract = "Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this article, the potential of PM-assisted Syn-Rel machine to be next generation heavy duty traction motor solution has been investigated, with special attention put on one key geometric parameter, i.e., airgap length. Careful machine design and optimization has been conducted based on geometric parametrization including airgap length variation, for 15000 rpm peak speed and 350 kW peak power output. In low speed operations, the influence of airgap length on different torque components has been analyzed in detail based on the frozen permeability method. In field weakening region, the variation trend of several key parameters such as output power, torque ripple, and power losses have been investigated along with airgap length. It is found that with high electric and magnetic loading, reducing the electromagnetic airgap length is not always beneficial. There exists a suitable airgap length value to comprehensively balance torque/power density, cooling capability, efficiency and reliability. Numerical FEA and experimental tests of the prototype are combined to verify the conclusions.",

keywords = "Airgap length, PM machine, high power density, high speed machine, rare earth magnets, synchronous reluctance machine",

author = "Tianjie Zou and David Gerada and Rocca, {Salvatore La} and Rocca, {Antonino La} and Adam Walker and Gaurang Vakil and Arevalo, {S. L.} and Zeyuan Xu and Mengmeng Cui and Anuvav Bardalai and Meiqi Wang and Kumar, {R. M.Ram} and Alessandro Marfoli and Krzysztof Paciura and Richard Barden and Emil Ernest and Shaohong Zhu and Naila Qayyum and Alastair Mcqueen and Fengyu Zhang and Chris Gerada",

note = "Publisher Copyright: IEEE",

year = "2023",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255",

language = "English",

volume = "59",

pages = "1557--1570",

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Zou, T, Gerada, D, Rocca, SL, Rocca, AL, Walker, A, Vakil, G, Arevalo, SL, Xu, Z, Cui, M, Bardalai, A, Wang, M, Kumar, RMR, Marfoli, A, Paciura, K, Barden, R, Ernest, E, Zhu, S, Qayyum, N, Mcqueen, A, Zhang, F & Gerada, C 2023, 'Airgap Length Analysis of a 350 kw PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

TY - JOUR

T1 - Airgap Length Analysis of a 350 kw PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction

AU - Zou, Tianjie

AU - Gerada, David

AU - Rocca, Salvatore La

AU - Rocca, Antonino La

AU - Walker, Adam

AU - Vakil, Gaurang

AU - Arevalo, S. L.

AU - Xu, Zeyuan

AU - Cui, Mengmeng

AU - Bardalai, Anuvav

AU - Wang, Meiqi

AU - Kumar, R. M.Ram

AU - Marfoli, Alessandro

AU - Paciura, Krzysztof

AU - Barden, Richard

AU - Ernest, Emil

AU - Zhu, Shaohong

AU - Qayyum, Naila

AU - Mcqueen, Alastair

AU - Zhang, Fengyu

AU - Gerada, Chris

N1 - Publisher Copyright: IEEE

PY - 2023/3/1

Y1 - 2023/3/1

N2 - Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this article, the potential of PM-assisted Syn-Rel machine to be next generation heavy duty traction motor solution has been investigated, with special attention put on one key geometric parameter, i.e., airgap length. Careful machine design and optimization has been conducted based on geometric parametrization including airgap length variation, for 15000 rpm peak speed and 350 kW peak power output. In low speed operations, the influence of airgap length on different torque components has been analyzed in detail based on the frozen permeability method. In field weakening region, the variation trend of several key parameters such as output power, torque ripple, and power losses have been investigated along with airgap length. It is found that with high electric and magnetic loading, reducing the electromagnetic airgap length is not always beneficial. There exists a suitable airgap length value to comprehensively balance torque/power density, cooling capability, efficiency and reliability. Numerical FEA and experimental tests of the prototype are combined to verify the conclusions.

AB - Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this article, the potential of PM-assisted Syn-Rel machine to be next generation heavy duty traction motor solution has been investigated, with special attention put on one key geometric parameter, i.e., airgap length. Careful machine design and optimization has been conducted based on geometric parametrization including airgap length variation, for 15000 rpm peak speed and 350 kW peak power output. In low speed operations, the influence of airgap length on different torque components has been analyzed in detail based on the frozen permeability method. In field weakening region, the variation trend of several key parameters such as output power, torque ripple, and power losses have been investigated along with airgap length. It is found that with high electric and magnetic loading, reducing the electromagnetic airgap length is not always beneficial. There exists a suitable airgap length value to comprehensively balance torque/power density, cooling capability, efficiency and reliability. Numerical FEA and experimental tests of the prototype are combined to verify the conclusions.

KW - Airgap length

KW - PM machine

KW - high power density

KW - high speed machine

KW - rare earth magnets

KW - synchronous reluctance machine

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U2 - 10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

DO - 10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85144027702

SN - 0093-9994

VL - 59

SP - 1557

EP - 1570

JO - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications

JF - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications

IS - 2

ER -

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350 kw PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction

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