A Versatile Precursor System for Supercritical Fluid Electrodeposition of Main-Group Materials

Philip N. Bartlett, Jennifer Burt, David A. Cook, Charles Y. Cummings, Michael W. George, Andrew L. Hector, Mahboba M. Hasan, Jie Ke, William Levason, David Pugh, Gillian Reid, Peter W. Richardson, David C. Smith, Joe Spencer, Norhidayah Suleiman, Wenjian Zhang

Research output: Journal PublicationArticlepeer-review

17 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

For the first time, a versatile electrolyte bath is described that can be used to electrodeposit a wide range of p-block elements from supercritical difluoromethane (scCH2F2). The bath comprises the tetrabutylammonium chlorometallate complex of the element in an electrolyte of 50×10-3 mol dm-3 tetrabutylammonium chloride at 17.2 MPa and 358 K. Through the use of anionic ([GaCl4]-, [InCl4]-, [GeCl3]-, [SnCl3]-, [SbCl4]-, and [BiCl4]-) and dianionic ([SeCl6]2- and [TeCl6]2-) chlorometallate salts, the deposition of elemental Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Se, and Te is demonstrated. In all cases, with the exception of gallium, which is a liquid under the deposition conditions, the resulting deposits are characterised by SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. An advantage of this electrolyte system is that the reagents are all crystalline solids, reasonably easy to handle and not highly water or oxygen sensitive. The results presented herein significantly broaden the range of materials accessible by electrodeposition from supercritical fluid and open up the future possibility of utilising the full scope of these unique fluids to electrodeposit functional binary or ternary alloys and compounds of these elements.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)302-309
Number of pages8
JournalChemistry - A European Journal
Volume22
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 4 Jan 2016

Keywords

  • electrochemistry
  • main-group elements
  • metal-metal interactions
  • supercritical fluids
  • surface chemistry

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Catalysis
  • Organic Chemistry

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'A Versatile Precursor System for Supercritical Fluid Electrodeposition of Main-Group Materials'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this