The growing role of artificial intelligence in smart container ports: its application and future research directions

Purpose – This paper aims to explore how artificial intelligence (AI) enhances container port operations, examining the interconnections between container ports and AI technologies and highlighting trends in AI applications for developing smart and green ports as well as future research directions. Design/Methodology/Approach – This paper employs a literature review approach to analyze the role of AI in container port operations, focusing on the integration of various AI technologies and their implications for port efficiency and sustainability. Findings – AI technologies, including 5G, machine learning, drones, big data, Industry 4.0 and blockchain, play a significant role in enhancing the operations of container ports. They contribute to improving port efficiency, enabling the development of smart ports and mitigating environmental impacts to foster green ports. The interconnections between these technologies and container ports present notable trends while also identifying avenues for future research. Research limitations/implications – This paper is limited by the scope of the literature reviewed, which focuses primarily on technological applications rather than empirical case studies across diverse port contexts. Future research could explore comparative analyses of AI implementations in different port environments and assess long-term economic and environmental impacts. Practical implications – Container terminal operators can leverage AI technologies to address inter-port and intra-port competition by boosting container throughput and port efficiency. Policymakers and port managers can utilize the trends in AI applications to guide the development of smart and green port strategies, investing in relevant infrastructure and technological frameworks. Originality/Value – For enterprises and firms in maritime logistics, embracing AI in container port operations can lead to more efficient supply chain processes, reducing delays and costs.