Synergistic Integration of CdFe₂O₄ and Co-MOF for Visible Light–Driven Degradation of BPA and Antimicrobial Applications

CdFe₂O₄/Co-MOF (CdF@CM) composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method by coupling cadmium ferrite CdFe₂O₄ with a cobalt-based metal–organic framework (Co-MOF). Among the synthesized materials, CdF@CM composite demonstrated outstanding photodegradation efficiency against bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used plastic industry contaminant commonly found in wastewater and surface waters. Under 50 W visible light at 25°C, the CdF@CM composite achieved 97% degradation of 10 ppm BPA at pH 3 within 60 min, corresponding to a quantum yield of 5.66 × 10⁻⁵ molecules per photon. The enhanced photon energy likely improved visible light absorption in CdF@CM and promoted the generation of holes (h⁺), as confirmed by scavenger tests. The kinetic study revealed that photodegradation followed a first-order reaction rate (R² = 0.955), indicating a concentration-dependent process. The CdF@CM composite demonstrated markedly improved antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus under visible light irradiation, outperforming its activity in the absence of light. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the catalyst's structural and chemical stability after recycling. This work presents the first synergistic coupling of spinel CdFe₂O₄ with Co-based MOF, delivering superior photocatalytic and antibacterial activity under visible light and offering a promising dual-function platform for treating wastewater containing both organic contaminants and pathogens.