State of the art Overview wearable microfluidic noninvasive biomarker sensors for sweat analysis

Wearable microfluidic sensors represent a promising advancement in the field of noninvasive health monitoring, providing continuous and personalized insights into the physiological status of an individual. With all-in-one wearable devices, human sweat can be collected, transported, and analyzed noninvasively through a large number of biochemical biomarkers in human sweat including glucose, lactate, uric acid, cortisol, and various ions. In this review, the state-of-art wearable microfluidic noninvasive sensors for biomarker monitoring in sweat are classified into four subtopics according to the sweat analysis method: electrochemical sweat analysis, colorimetric sweat analysis, fluorometric and plasmonic sweat analysis, and hybrid sweat analysis. In addition, the research trend of wearable microfluidic noninvasive sensors for sweat analysis is outlooked.