Spatial and Temporal Variations of Air Pollutants Around Multiple Generator Sites: A Case Study

This study investigated the spatial and temporal variability of key air pollutants, namely carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) emitted from multiple kerosene-powered generators in the Al-Bonouk neighborhood of Baghdad, Iraq, was investigated. Field sampling was conducted monthly from June to August 2024 at nine fixed outdoor locations using a systematic, point-based sampling method. Locations were selected to reflect the generator proximity and wind direction. At each point, real-time readings were recorded monthly using a portable gas analyzer and PM detector. Atotal of 27 field samples were obtained, and each sample was analyzed for four pollutants, generating 108 analytical data points. Data were processed using bar plots, line graphs, box plots, and spatial heat maps to evaluate pollutant distribution, emission hotspots, and seasonal variation. The highest concentrations were recorded near Generator 2, CO (55.5 parts per million (ppm), NO (8.89 ppm), SO₂ (5.87 ppm), and PM_2.5 (0.46 µg/m³). Concentrations decreased with distance and wind dispersion. WHO guideline comparisons confirmed consistent exceedances, underscoring urgent health concerns and the need for regulatory action in urban areas.