Microplastic particles in the aquatic environment: A systematic review

  • Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
  • , Md Saifur Rahman
  • , Jahangir Alom
  • , MD Saif Hasan
  • , M. A.H. Johir
  • , M. Ibrahim H. Mondal
  • , Da Young Lee
  • , Jaeil Park
  • , John L. Zhou
  • , Myung Han Yoon

Research output: Journal PublicationReview articlepeer-review

212 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become one of the most severe environmental concerns today. MPs persist in the environment and cause adverse effects in organisms. This review aims to present a state-of-the-art overview of MPs in the aquatic environment. Personal care products, synthetic clothing, air-blasting facilities and drilling fluids from gas-oil industries, raw plastic powders from plastic manufacturing industries, waste plastic products and wastewater treatment plants act as the major sources of MPs. For MPs analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS), Py-MS methods, Raman spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy are regarded as the most promising methods for MPs identification and quantification. Due to the large surface area to volume ratio, crystallinity, hydrophobicity and functional groups, MPs can interact with various contaminants such as heavy metals, antibiotics and persistent organic contaminants. Among different physical and biological treatment technologies, the MPs removal performance decreases as membrane bioreactor (> 99%) > activated sludge process (~98%) > rapid sand filtration (~97.1%) > dissolved air floatation (~95%) > electrocoagulation (> 90%) > constructed wetlands (88%). Chemical treatment methods such as coagulation, magnetic separations, Fenton, photo-Fenton and photocatalytic degradation also show moderate to high efficiency of MP removal. Hybrid treatment technologies show the highest removal efficacies of MPs. Finally, future research directions for MPs are elaborated.

Original languageEnglish
Article number145793
JournalScience of the Total Environment
Volume775
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 25 Jun 2021
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Biological process
  • Chemical technology
  • Contaminant interactions
  • Microplastics analysis
  • Physical treatment

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Waste Management and Disposal
  • Pollution

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