Fog-assisted proactive scheduling for platoon-based C-V2X networks: System architecture and position-aware resource allocation

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications are becoming increasingly important for the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Radio resource allocation (RRA) plays a critical role in ensuring reliable and efficient C-V2X communications. Both centralized and distributed RRA have been widely studied. Although centralized RRA has the potential to deliver superior performance, it also suffers from significant control signaling overhead. To address this challenge, we propose a fog-assisted system architecture with a proactive centralized scheduling workflow to mitigate the signaling overhead. Building on this architecture, we develop a priority-driven position-aware heuristic resource allocation (PPHRA) algorithm based on dynamic scheduling and spatial reuse for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications in the scenario of vehicle platooning. In addition, considering the half-duplex (HD) constraint inherent in C-V2X, we introduce a two-tier evaluation framework that assesses performance within a safety-critical distance and a broader communication distance, targeting ultra-high reliability with bounded timeliness in the former and high reliability with satisfactory timeliness in the latter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves favorable reliability and timeliness performance, while ensuring efficient resource utilization and fairness under varying traffic densities, compared with the baseline greedy and semi-persistent scheduling schemes.