Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings

Danielly Lima Bezerra; Tianjie Zou; Dmitry Golovanov; Hailin Huang; Grigorios Sergentanis; Antonino La Rocca; Alasdair Cairns; Chris Gerada; Jan Majer; Jay Al-Tayie

doi:10.1109/ECCE58356.2025.11260074

Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings

Danielly Lima Bezerra^*
, Tianjie Zou
, Dmitry Golovanov
, Hailin Huang
, Grigorios Sergentanis
, Antonino La Rocca
, Alasdair Cairns
, Chris Gerada
, Jan Majer
, Jay Al-Tayie

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

This paper utilizes an equivalent electrical circuit methodology to calculate circulating current in distributed hairpin winding configurations. The proposed model is used to examine potential circulating currents arising from manufacturing-related conductor misalignment in a strong symmetric full-pitch 96-slot, 8-pole, 6-layer hairpin stator with a high number of parallel branches. Circulating currents generate additional losses, and understanding this extra source of losses is crucial for satisfying the 1% loss accuracy requirement of highly efficient powertrains. The unbalanced branch currents calculated using the proposed equivalent electrical circuit method are compared with results obtained from a commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331541309
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE58356.2025.11260074
Publication status	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes
Event	17th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025 - Philadelphia, United States Duration: 19 Oct 2025 → 23 Oct 2025

Publication series

Name	2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025

Conference

Conference	17th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025
Country/Territory	United States
City	Philadelphia
Period	19/10/25 → 23/10/25

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Free Keywords

Circulating Currents
Equivalent Circuit Method
Hairpin Windings
Manufacturing Tolerance

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.1109/ECCE58356.2025.11260074

Cite this

Bezerra, D. L., Zou, T., Golovanov, D., Huang, H., Sergentanis, G., La Rocca, A., Cairns, A., Gerada, C., Majer, J., & Al-Tayie, J. (2025). Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings. In 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025 (2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE58356.2025.11260074

Bezerra, Danielly Lima ; Zou, Tianjie ; Golovanov, Dmitry et al. / Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings. 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. (2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025).

@inproceedings{27b73386a264453090464cfa124c8d99,

title = "Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings",

abstract = "This paper utilizes an equivalent electrical circuit methodology to calculate circulating current in distributed hairpin winding configurations. The proposed model is used to examine potential circulating currents arising from manufacturing-related conductor misalignment in a strong symmetric full-pitch 96-slot, 8-pole, 6-layer hairpin stator with a high number of parallel branches. Circulating currents generate additional losses, and understanding this extra source of losses is crucial for satisfying the 1\% loss accuracy requirement of highly efficient powertrains. The unbalanced branch currents calculated using the proposed equivalent electrical circuit method are compared with results obtained from a commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software.",

keywords = "Circulating Currents, Equivalent Circuit Method, Hairpin Windings, Manufacturing Tolerance",

author = "Bezerra, \{Danielly Lima\} and Tianjie Zou and Dmitry Golovanov and Hailin Huang and Grigorios Sergentanis and \{La Rocca\}, Antonino and Alasdair Cairns and Chris Gerada and Jan Majer and Jay Al-Tayie",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 17th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025 ; Conference date: 19-10-2025 Through 23-10-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/ECCE58356.2025.11260074",

language = "English",

series = "2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

booktitle = "2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025",

address = "United States",

}

Bezerra, DL, Zou, T, Golovanov, D, Huang, H, Sergentanis, G, La Rocca, A, Cairns, A, Gerada, C, Majer, J & Al-Tayie, J 2025, Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings. in 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025. 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 17th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025, Philadelphia, United States, 19/10/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE58356.2025.11260074

Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings. / Bezerra, Danielly Lima; Zou, Tianjie; Golovanov, Dmitry et al.
2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. (2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings

AU - Bezerra, Danielly Lima

AU - Zou, Tianjie

AU - Golovanov, Dmitry

AU - Huang, Hailin

AU - Sergentanis, Grigorios

AU - La Rocca, Antonino

AU - Cairns, Alasdair

AU - Gerada, Chris

AU - Majer, Jan

AU - Al-Tayie, Jay

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - This paper utilizes an equivalent electrical circuit methodology to calculate circulating current in distributed hairpin winding configurations. The proposed model is used to examine potential circulating currents arising from manufacturing-related conductor misalignment in a strong symmetric full-pitch 96-slot, 8-pole, 6-layer hairpin stator with a high number of parallel branches. Circulating currents generate additional losses, and understanding this extra source of losses is crucial for satisfying the 1% loss accuracy requirement of highly efficient powertrains. The unbalanced branch currents calculated using the proposed equivalent electrical circuit method are compared with results obtained from a commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software.

AB - This paper utilizes an equivalent electrical circuit methodology to calculate circulating current in distributed hairpin winding configurations. The proposed model is used to examine potential circulating currents arising from manufacturing-related conductor misalignment in a strong symmetric full-pitch 96-slot, 8-pole, 6-layer hairpin stator with a high number of parallel branches. Circulating currents generate additional losses, and understanding this extra source of losses is crucial for satisfying the 1% loss accuracy requirement of highly efficient powertrains. The unbalanced branch currents calculated using the proposed equivalent electrical circuit method are compared with results obtained from a commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software.

KW - Circulating Currents

KW - Equivalent Circuit Method

KW - Hairpin Windings

KW - Manufacturing Tolerance

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105030325192

U2 - 10.1109/ECCE58356.2025.11260074

DO - 10.1109/ECCE58356.2025.11260074

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105030325192

T3 - 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025

BT - 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 17th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025

Y2 - 19 October 2025 through 23 October 2025

ER -

Bezerra DL, Zou T, Golovanov D, Huang H, Sergentanis G, La Rocca A et al. Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings. In 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025. (2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Conference Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2025). doi: 10.1109/ECCE58356.2025.11260074

Equivalent Electrical Circuit Method for Calculating Circulating Current in Hairpin Windings

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Free Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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