Abstract
Urgent global demand for sustainable environmental remediation solutions drives the development of advanced technologies. Toxic gases (COx, NOx, SOx, H2S, NH3), VOCs, and water contaminants (heavy metals, pharmaceuticals,
dyes, pathogens) pose severe threats. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with tunable porosity and multifunctionality, are revolutionary materials excelling in adsorption, catalysis, gas storage, and sensing for pollution mitigation. This review highlights cutting-edge MOF advancements, covering novel synthesis,
enhanced properties, and scalable air/water purification applications. For CO₂ capture, Mg₂(dobpdc) and Co₂(dobdc) achieve 6.42 mmol g⁻¹ and 6.90 mmol g⁻¹ at 1 bar, 25 ◦C. Harmful gas adsorption excels with Cu₂Cl₂BBTA for NH₃ (19.79 mmol g⁻¹), MIL-101(Cr)-4F(1 %) for SO₂ (18.4 mmol g⁻¹), and MIL-101 for H₂S (38.4
mmol g⁻¹ at 20 bar). MOF-5 dominates VOC removal (1367 mg g⁻¹ trichloromethane). Dye adsorption breakthroughs include [Ln(L)]⋅Cl}n for Congo Red (2724 mg g⁻¹) and DUT-23(Cu) for Methylene Blue (814 mg g⁻¹). Zn-MOF(NH₂) shows extraordinary heavy metal capacities: 4874 mg g⁻¹ (Pb2+), 4624 mg g⁻¹ (Cu2+), 4261 mg g⁻¹
(Hg2+). PPCP adsorption features Ni/Co-MOF@CMC (625 mg g⁻¹ tetracycline), while MOF-525 removes 807 mg
g⁻¹ tetracycline (antibiotics). ZIF-8 leads pesticide adsorption (367 mg g⁻¹ prothiofos). These high capacities,
driven by acid-base, electrostatic, π-π, and H-bonding interactions, underscore MOF versatility. Future research
should focus on AI design, industrial scaling, and circular economy integration to position MOFs as indispensable
tools for achieving UN SDGs.
dyes, pathogens) pose severe threats. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with tunable porosity and multifunctionality, are revolutionary materials excelling in adsorption, catalysis, gas storage, and sensing for pollution mitigation. This review highlights cutting-edge MOF advancements, covering novel synthesis,
enhanced properties, and scalable air/water purification applications. For CO₂ capture, Mg₂(dobpdc) and Co₂(dobdc) achieve 6.42 mmol g⁻¹ and 6.90 mmol g⁻¹ at 1 bar, 25 ◦C. Harmful gas adsorption excels with Cu₂Cl₂BBTA for NH₃ (19.79 mmol g⁻¹), MIL-101(Cr)-4F(1 %) for SO₂ (18.4 mmol g⁻¹), and MIL-101 for H₂S (38.4
mmol g⁻¹ at 20 bar). MOF-5 dominates VOC removal (1367 mg g⁻¹ trichloromethane). Dye adsorption breakthroughs include [Ln(L)]⋅Cl}n for Congo Red (2724 mg g⁻¹) and DUT-23(Cu) for Methylene Blue (814 mg g⁻¹). Zn-MOF(NH₂) shows extraordinary heavy metal capacities: 4874 mg g⁻¹ (Pb2+), 4624 mg g⁻¹ (Cu2+), 4261 mg g⁻¹
(Hg2+). PPCP adsorption features Ni/Co-MOF@CMC (625 mg g⁻¹ tetracycline), while MOF-525 removes 807 mg
g⁻¹ tetracycline (antibiotics). ZIF-8 leads pesticide adsorption (367 mg g⁻¹ prothiofos). These high capacities,
driven by acid-base, electrostatic, π-π, and H-bonding interactions, underscore MOF versatility. Future research
should focus on AI design, industrial scaling, and circular economy integration to position MOFs as indispensable
tools for achieving UN SDGs.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 144167 |
| Journal | Journal of Molecular Structure |
| Volume | 1351 |
| Issue number | part 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Feb 2026 |
Keywords
- Metal-organic frameworks
- Adsorption
- Remediation
- Pollution control
- Sustainable environment
