Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems: A Study on VLC and RF/FSO/THz Integration

Hanojhan Rajahrajasingh; Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody; Theodoros A. Tsiftsis

doi:10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162349

Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems: A Study on VLC and RF/FSO/THz Integration

Hanojhan Rajahrajasingh^*
, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody^*
, Theodoros A. Tsiftsis

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of dual-hop hybrid communication systems that integrate Visible Light Communication (VLC) for underwater transmission with three different terrestrial communication technologies. Specifically, we compare the performance of VLC with radio frequency (RF), free space optics (FSO), and terahertz (THz) communication in a cooperative framework involving a floating buoy as a relay node. Our results demonstrate that the THz-VLC combination significantly outperforms both the RF-VLC and FSO-VLC configurations in terms of Outage Probability (OP) and overall system efficiency. This work provides valuable insights into optimizing communication pathways in hybrid underwater-terrestrial environments, highlighting the potential of THz technology for enhanced data transmission.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025
Editors	Matthew Valenti, David Reed, Melissa Torres
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	1501-1506
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331596248
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162349
Publication status	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes
Event	2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025 - Montreal, Canada Duration: 8 Jun 2025 → 12 Jun 2025

Publication series

Name	2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025

Conference

Conference	2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025
Country/Territory	Canada
City	Montreal
Period	8/06/25 → 12/06/25

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Free Keywords

Dual-Hop Communication
Hybrid Systems
Outage Probability (OP)
Terahertz (THz) Communication
and Visible Light Communication (VLC)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Artificial Intelligence
Computer Networks and Communications
Computer Science Applications
Signal Processing
Information Systems and Management
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

Access to Document

10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162349

Cite this

Rajahrajasingh, H., Jayakody, D. N. K., & Tsiftsis, T. A. (2025). Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems: A Study on VLC and RF/FSO/THz Integration. In M. Valenti, D. Reed, & M. Torres (Eds.), 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025 (pp. 1501-1506). (2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162349

Rajahrajasingh, Hanojhan ; Jayakody, Dushantha Nalin K. ; Tsiftsis, Theodoros A. / Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems : A Study on VLC and RF/FSO/THz Integration. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025. editor / Matthew Valenti ; David Reed ; Melissa Torres. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. pp. 1501-1506 (2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025).

@inproceedings{1073db5907aa446c91c0fdc087cfa6f7,

title = "Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems: A Study on VLC and RF/FSO/THz Integration",

abstract = "This paper presents an analysis of dual-hop hybrid communication systems that integrate Visible Light Communication (VLC) for underwater transmission with three different terrestrial communication technologies. Specifically, we compare the performance of VLC with radio frequency (RF), free space optics (FSO), and terahertz (THz) communication in a cooperative framework involving a floating buoy as a relay node. Our results demonstrate that the THz-VLC combination significantly outperforms both the RF-VLC and FSO-VLC configurations in terms of Outage Probability (OP) and overall system efficiency. This work provides valuable insights into optimizing communication pathways in hybrid underwater-terrestrial environments, highlighting the potential of THz technology for enhanced data transmission.",

keywords = "Dual-Hop Communication, Hybrid Systems, Outage Probability (OP), Terahertz (THz) Communication, and Visible Light Communication (VLC)",

author = "Hanojhan Rajahrajasingh and Jayakody, \{Dushantha Nalin K.\} and Tsiftsis, \{Theodoros A.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025 ; Conference date: 08-06-2025 Through 12-06-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162349",

language = "English",

series = "2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

pages = "1501--1506",

editor = "Matthew Valenti and David Reed and Melissa Torres",

booktitle = "2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025",

address = "United States",

}

Rajahrajasingh, H, Jayakody, DNK & Tsiftsis, TA 2025, Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems: A Study on VLC and RF/FSO/THz Integration. in M Valenti, D Reed & M Torres (eds), 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 1501-1506, 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025, Montreal, Canada, 8/06/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162349

Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems: A Study on VLC and RF/FSO/THz Integration. / Rajahrajasingh, Hanojhan; Jayakody, Dushantha Nalin K.; Tsiftsis, Theodoros A.
2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025. ed. / Matthew Valenti; David Reed; Melissa Torres. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. p. 1501-1506 (2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems

T2 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025

AU - Rajahrajasingh, Hanojhan

AU - Jayakody, Dushantha Nalin K.

AU - Tsiftsis, Theodoros A.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - This paper presents an analysis of dual-hop hybrid communication systems that integrate Visible Light Communication (VLC) for underwater transmission with three different terrestrial communication technologies. Specifically, we compare the performance of VLC with radio frequency (RF), free space optics (FSO), and terahertz (THz) communication in a cooperative framework involving a floating buoy as a relay node. Our results demonstrate that the THz-VLC combination significantly outperforms both the RF-VLC and FSO-VLC configurations in terms of Outage Probability (OP) and overall system efficiency. This work provides valuable insights into optimizing communication pathways in hybrid underwater-terrestrial environments, highlighting the potential of THz technology for enhanced data transmission.

AB - This paper presents an analysis of dual-hop hybrid communication systems that integrate Visible Light Communication (VLC) for underwater transmission with three different terrestrial communication technologies. Specifically, we compare the performance of VLC with radio frequency (RF), free space optics (FSO), and terahertz (THz) communication in a cooperative framework involving a floating buoy as a relay node. Our results demonstrate that the THz-VLC combination significantly outperforms both the RF-VLC and FSO-VLC configurations in terms of Outage Probability (OP) and overall system efficiency. This work provides valuable insights into optimizing communication pathways in hybrid underwater-terrestrial environments, highlighting the potential of THz technology for enhanced data transmission.

KW - Dual-Hop Communication

KW - Hybrid Systems

KW - Outage Probability (OP)

KW - Terahertz (THz) Communication

KW - and Visible Light Communication (VLC)

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105018062064

U2 - 10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162349

DO - 10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162349

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105018062064

T3 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025

SP - 1501

EP - 1506

BT - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025

A2 - Valenti, Matthew

A2 - Reed, David

A2 - Torres, Melissa

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

Y2 - 8 June 2025 through 12 June 2025

ER -

Rajahrajasingh H, Jayakody DNK, Tsiftsis TA. Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems: A Study on VLC and RF/FSO/THz Integration. In Valenti M, Reed D, Torres M, editors, 2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025. p. 1501-1506. (2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2025). doi: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162349

Dual-Hop Hybrid Communication for Underwater and Terrestrial Systems: A Study on VLC and RF/FSO/THz Integration

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Free Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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