Cultural preservation, social cohesion or economic benefits? Unpacking the motivations of public participation in China’s historical settlement regeneration

The regeneration of historical settlements in China poses significant challenges, as rapid urbanisation forces a balancing act between cultural preservation, social cohesion and economic benefits. Despite the increasing emphasis on involving local communities, the motivations behind their participation remain poorly understood. This paper explores the motivations driving public participation in historical settlement regeneration, focusing on the Pantang Wuyue project in Guangzhou. Using a qualitative approach that incorporates non-participatory observations and semi-structured interviews with government officials, consulting parties, and local residents, the paper reveals a prevailing dominance of economic incentives, particularly financial compensation for relocation, as the primary motivator for participation. Cultural preservation and social cohesion are marginalised, with residents perceiving heritage maintenance as a governmental responsibility rather than a collective endeavour. The emotional and social needs of the community ignored during physical improvements are ‘masking’ residents’ economic motives. This paper argues that current participatory practices, which often prioritise economic outcomes, fail to meaningfully engage communities or integrate cultural and social values. A shift towards more inclusive, resident-centred approaches is recommended, ensuring that regeneration strategies address both tangible and intangible needs.