Characterization and optical property of ZnO nano-, submicro- and microrods synthesized by hydrothermal method on a large-scale

In the present paper, well-dispersed ZnO nano-, submicro- and microrods with hexagonal structure were synthesized by a simple low temperature hydrothermal process from zinc nitrate hexahydrate without using any additional surfactant, organic solvent or catalytic agent. The phase and structural analysis were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the morphological analysis was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and the optical property was characterized by room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results revealed the high crystal quality of ZnO powder with hexagonal (wurtzite-type) crystal structure and the formation of well-dispersed ZnO nano-, submicro- and microrods with diameters of about 50, 200 and 500 nm, and lengths of 300 nm, 1 μm and 2 μm, respectively, on a large-scale just using the different temperatures. Room-temperature PL spectrum from the ZnO nanorods reveals a strong UV emission peak at about 360 nm and no green emission band at ∼530 nm. The strong UV photoluminescence indicates the good crystallization quality of the ZnO nanorods. Room-temperature PL spectra from the ZnO submicro- and microrods reveal a weak UV emission peak at ∼400 nm and a very strong visible green emission at 530 nm, that is ascribed to the transition between V _oZn _i and valence band.