An Innovative Collaboration-Based Ozone and Aerosol Observation Network in Northeast Asia

Situated in close proximity to the Korea Peninsula and the Japan Islands, Shandong Province in China (SDP) has emerged as a focal point for global attention due to its significant surface ozone (O₃) and aerosol pollution. Despite this attention, there are notable gaps in knowledge across various interconnected research domains, encompassing climate change, atmospheric circulation, anthropogenic emissions, and the chemistry of O₃ and aerosols. The impact of frequent heat waves on regional O₃ and aerosol pollution remains unclear, while our comprehension of atmospheric circulation dynamics and the chemistry involved with O₃ and aerosols is still hampered by substantial limitations. The unique topography and geographical setting of SDP, with its complex interplay of factors like sea–land breezes, mountain–valley winds, and urban heat islands, make it an ideal location for investigating the dynamics of O₃ and aerosol chemistry. Moreover, it is essential to explore the effects of transboundary transport on O₃ and aerosol pollution and delve into the underlying mechanisms contributing to their combined pollution effects. To bridge these knowledge gaps, the Innovative Collaboration-Based Ozone and Aerosol Observation Network in Northeast Asia has been established through collaborative efforts involving the Bureaus of Ecology and Environment, Meteorology in SDP, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This network encompasses various components, including air quality and weather stations, a network of low-cost air quality sensors, monitoring stations focused on atmospheric photochemical smog and aerosol chemical speciation, and vertical measurement systems targeting O₃ and its precursor gases (utilizing light detection and ranging, balloon sounding, and drone-based measurements), as well as measurements conducted via vehicles and ships. Additionally, preliminary findings from this comprehensive observational campaign will be shared.